My Electric Motor

My Electric Motor Project

Making The Base Coil

To create the base coil, i used 14 gauge single strand wire. I wrapped the wire 400 times around two framing brackets that i bolted together. After wrapping i connected both sides of the wire to the battery and test to see if it was a magnet and it worked. 

Creating the Armature

I used a welding rod, 2 nails, and 24 gauge magnet wire to create my armature. I taped the 2 nails together and wrapped them with the magnet wire to create a magnet. The wire from the nails runs down the welding rod to the commutator.

The Commutator and Brushes

I used a piece of cork along with two pieces of copper to conduct the electricity to the magnet wire. I used stranded wire to create my brushes, so that there were multiple connections to the copper on the cork. 

Issue I Faced

The major issue that i faced while creating the electric motor was the commutator. i used heavy duty tin foil to conduct the electricity to the magnet wire and found that it did not work well. I then decided to us pieced of copper, which conducted the electricity to the magnet wire much better and allowed it to spin. 

Electric Motors

Electric Motors

History

Electric motors have many parts that were created over time and put together. The battery was created by Alessandro Volta in 1800, The magnetic field and electric current was created by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820, and the electromagnet created by William Sturgeon in 1825 all laid the foundation for the electric motor. The first real electric motor was created in 1834 by Thomas Davenport. The early motors created spinning discs or levers that rocked back and forth. These early motors had no use for humankind, but paved the way for future motors.

Necessary Parts Of An Electric Motor

-AC or DC Power

- Base Coil to create a magnetic field

-Armature 

-Commutator

-Copper Wire

-wire brushes

The armature is one of the most difficult parts of the motor to build. It is a long rod that has the commutator and an electromagnet that reacts with the magnet from the base coil. With the alternating positive and negative charges that run through the wire brushes and into the commutator it allows the armature to spin while reacting with the base coil magnet.

LIST OF AC POWERED MOTORS

-The Selsyn Motor or synchro motor

- Shaded Pole Motors

- Induction Motor

- Universal Motor

List OF DC POWERED MOTORS

-DC Shunt Wound Motor

-DC Series Wound Motor

- Pancake Motors

-Permanent Magnet DC Motor

-Stepper Motor

 

Equilibrium

Equilibrium

An object that has balanced forces on all sides is said to be in a state of equilibrium. This does not mean that all forces have to be equal on opposite sides. In the diagram below you can see how the forces up and down are not the same to the forces going left to right, but are still in a state of equilibrium

Objects that are in a state of equilibrium must have an acceleration of 0 m/s^2, but this does not mean that an object in equilibrium is always static. An object can be in equilibrium if it is moving  with the same speed and direction. 

Static Equilibrium

An object at rest and in the state of equilibrium is said to be in static equilibrium. In the image below, the weight being held on the string, is in static equilibrium because it is at rest and all the forces are balanced. 

 Equilibrium In Chemistry

Chemical Equilibrium is the when the reactants yield a product that has no net change in the reaction. Chemical Equilibrium is also known as a steady state reaction, where the reaction is happening but it has reached a balanced condition. Dynamic Equilibrium is when the products and reactants stay constant, while the reaction continues to happen. 

Equilibrium in Everyday Life

The Forces of the two children balance because of the different radii between the smaller boy and larger girl

The stones are in static equilibrium because they are still and all the forces applied on the stones equal out.

The Carbon Cycle is an example of equilibrium because the carbon is moving at a constant rate from step to step throughout the cycle. 

A car at a stop sign is in the state of Static Equilibrium

Sources:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-3/Equilibrium-and-Statics
http://chemistry.about.com/od/equilibrium/a/Chemical-Equilibrium.htm
http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/super/life_sciences/FE/FE3.pdf

Programming

PROGRAMMING

WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?

Programming is the use of codes to create different programs or tasks that the computer can do. There are many different types of coding languages to use while programming. For example Java, C++, and Python. Programming is usually a procedure that takes in input data, processes it and turns it in to output data.

Python Programming

Many major companies like Disney, IBM and NASA use Python to code. Python has been used to create many different video games and other general purpose tasks. Python is a coding language that allows the user to do the same tasks as Java and C++, but in a fewer amount of lines. 

Java Programming

The Java code first appeared in 1995. The code is is much simpler than C++, and allows the programs to be used on one computer or over a server, which allows many people to access the program. The Java code is specially designed for Object-Oriented Programming. Object-Oriented Programming is a way to manipulate objects and data rather than the actions. 

C++ Programming

C++ programming is used for packaged software most of the time. This includes games, Office applications, graphic and video editors, and operating systems. Most software that is not used online was most likely created by the C++ coding language. 

Different Fields That Programming Is Used In

Programming is a wonderful asset to have and will make you stand out while looking for jobs. Almost all companies use some type of program, so knowing how to code will make you look like a prime candidate. Programming is used in Biology, Physics, Finance, Math, Robotics, and Graphic Design. 

History of Programming

The first programmer was Ada Lovelace. In 1842-1843 she worked on translating an article about Charles Babbage's analytic engine. They found an algorithm in her notes, which makes her the first programmer. Ada Lovelace also predicted that computers would be able to play music and chess in the future. There is a programming language named after her that the US Department of Defense uses.

In 1889, a man named Herman Hollerith created a machine that could read data. He invented the tabulator and keypunch machines that were the basis for information processing.  He created a company called The Tabulating Machine Company in 1892, which is now IBM.  The first electronic and digital computer was created by Herman Hollerith. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer and was used to solve linear equations. 

The first electronic digital programmable computers were the Colossus computers which were developed during World War II, and were created to decipher German messages. 

Fortran was the first advanced level of programming language used. It was created by John Backus, who worked for IBM.  It was created in 1954 and released to the public in 1957. 

The first computer game was called Spacewar. It took nearly 200 hours for Steve Russell to create the game, which allows two players to fire missiles at each other. He worked with Nolan Bushnell at Stanford and created the first coin operated  arcade game. 

Fred Cohen designed the first virus for computers. He used a floppy disc that could be inserted into the computer, copy itself and then spread to other computers. It was only designed to see if it would work. There was no harm that the virus caused.